前言

THIS VOLUMN is an attempt to give an organized, detailed account of the training rules found in the Khandhakas that govern the life of bhikkhus, together with the traditions that have grown up around them. It is a companion to The Buddhist Monastic Code, Volume One (BMC1), which offers a similar treatment of the Pāṭimokkha training rules.

本冊旨在有組織的、詳盡地闡述《犍度》中規範比丘生活的學處，以及圍繞著其發展的各種傳統。本冊與《佛教比丘戒律第一冊》相輔相成，後者對《波羅提木叉》的學處也做了類似的闡述。

There is some overlap between the material in this volume and that in BMC1, primarily because the Khandhaka rules and Pāṭimokkha rules also overlap. Although each set of rules has some topics to itself, there are other topics covered by both sets, and a full knowledge of the topic requires acquaintance with both. In some cases, the Pātimokkha rules and the explanations that accompany them in the Sutta Vibhaṅga seem to presuppose the Khandhaka rules; in other cases, the relationship is the other way around. Thus, just as it was necessary in BMC1 to make frequent references to the Khandhakas to gain a full sense of the range of some of the Pāṭimokkha rules, I have found it necessary in this volume to refer to material in BMC1 to make the Khandhaka rules more fully intelligible. In some instances, this has simply meant cross-referencing; in others, it has meant lifting whole passages from BMC1 into the discussion. I hope that the reader will not find these recapitulations tedious, for they give a sense of the complex interrelationships among the rules and help provide the sort of understanding that comes with viewing an item in all its relevant contexts.

本冊內容與《佛教比丘戒律第一冊》有部分重疊，主要是因為《犍度》戒條和《波羅提木叉》戒條也有重疊之處。雖然每組戒條都有各自的主題，但也存在兩組戒條共同涵蓋的主題，要全面理解某個主題，就需要同時熟悉這兩組戒條。在某些情況下，《經分別》中的《波羅提木叉》戒條及其解釋似乎以《犍度》戒條為前提；而在其他情況下，這種關係則恰恰相反。因此，正如在《佛教比丘戒律第一冊》中需要頻繁參考《犍度》才能全面理解某些《波羅提木叉》戒條一樣，在本冊中，我也發現有必要參考《佛教比丘戒律第一冊》中的材料，以便更透徹地理解《犍度》戒條。在某些情況下，這僅僅意味著交叉引用；而在其他情況下，則意味著將《佛教比丘戒律第一冊》中的整段文字直接引入討論中。我希望讀者不會覺得這些回顧枯燥乏味，因為它們能讓人感受到戒條之間複雜的相互關係，並有助於提供那種從所有相關背景中看待事物所帶來的理解。

(未完待續)