附录

(未完待续)

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VI. Pali formulae: Forfeiture 六、巴利公式：舍弃
As noted in the conclusion to the chapter on nissaggiya pācittiya rules, articles received in defiance of NP 18, 19, & 22 must be forfeited to a Community. The words of forfeiture in these cases are: 正如《尼萨耆波逸提》（《舍堕》）戒条该章的结论中所指出的，违反《舍堕》一八、一九和二二的物品必须被舍出给僧团。在这些情况下，舍出的言语是：
NP 18 《舍堕》一八
For receiving gold and silver (money): 接受金银（金钱）：
Ahaṁ bhante rūpiyaṁ paṭiggahesiṁ. Idaṁ me nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmi.  
This means, “Venerable sirs, I have received money. This of mine is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to the Community.” 这意思是：「尊者们，我已经接受金钱。我的这个将被舍出。我把它舍给僧团。」
NP 19 《舍堕》一九
For engaging in monetary exchange: 对于从事金钱兑换：
Ahaṁ bhante nānappakārakaṁ rūpiya-saṁvohāraṁ samāpajjiṁ. Idaṁ me nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmi.  
This means, “Venerable sirs, I have engaged in various types of monetary exchange. This of mine is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to the Community.” 这意思是：「尊者们，我从事过各种金钱兑换。我的这个将被舍出。我把它舍给僧团。」
NP 22 《舍堕》二二
For asking for a new bowl when one’s original bowl is still usable: 当原来的钵仍然可用时要求新钵：
Ayaṁ me bhante patto ūna-pañca-bandhanena pattena cetāpito nissaggiyo. Imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmi.  
This means, “This bowl of mine, venerable sirs, asked for when the (previous) bowl had less than five mends, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to the Community.” 这意思是：「尊者们，我的这钵，当（前一个）钵补缀不足五次时被要求得到，将被舍出。我把它舍给僧团。」
In each case, after the item has been forfeited, the offender must confess his offense, with an experienced and competent bhikkhu to acknowledge his confession, using the following formula: 在每种情况下，物品被舍出后，犯戒者必须承认自己的罪行，并由经验丰富且有能力的比丘接受他的忏罪，使用以下公式：
Confessant（忏罪者）: Ahaṁ bhante nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ āpattiṁ āpanno. Taṁ paṭidesemi.
Recipient（接受者）: Passasi āvuso?
C（忏）: Āma bhante, passāmi.
R（受）: Āyatiṁ āvuso saṁvareyyāsi.
C（忏）: Sādhu suṭṭhu bhante saṁvarissāmi. (Three times.)
  
An alternative version of the last exchange, found in MN 104, is: 《中部》104 经中发现的最后一次交换的替代版本是：
R（受）: Āyatiṁ saṁvaraṁ āpajjeyyāsi.
C（忏）: Saṁvaraṁ āpajjissāmi.
  
This is the formula to use when the bhikkhu making the confession is junior to the bhikkhu acknowledging it. For translations and instructions on how to change the formula to use when the bhikkhu making the confession is senior to the bhikkhu acknowledging it, see Appendix VII. 当作忏悔的比丘比接受忏悔的比丘地位戒腊低时，可以使用这个公式。当作忏悔的比丘比接受忏悔的比丘戒腊高时，如何改变所使用的公式的翻译和说明，请参阅附录七。
If, after money has been forfeited under NP 18 or 19 and the offense has been confessed, the Community needs to authorize a money-disposer, they must first choose a member of the group who is free of the four kinds of bias—based on desire, based on aversion, based on delusion, based on fear—and who knows what counts as disposed and not disposed. Then they must ask him to perform this duty. When he has agreed, one of the bhikkhus recites the transaction statement, as follows: 如果在根据《舍堕》一八或一九金钱被舍出并且罪行被忏悔后，僧团需要授权金钱处置者，他们必须先选择一个不存在四种偏见的团体成员——基于贪欲，基于瞋恨，基于愚痴，基于恐惧——知道什么算是被处置了，什么不算被处置之人。然后他们就必须要求他履行这个职责。当他同意后，其中一位比丘背诵羯磨文如下：
Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho Itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ rūpiya-chaḍḍakaṁ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti.
Suṇātu me bhante saṅgho. Saṅgho Itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ rūpiya-chaḍḍakaṁ sammannati. Yass’āyasmato khamati, Itthannāmassa bhikkhuno rūpiya-chaḍḍakassa sammati, so tuṇhassa. Yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
Sammato saṅghena Itthannāmo bhikkhu rūpiya-chaḍḍako. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī. Evam-etaṁ dhārayāmi.
  
This means, Venerable sirs, may the Community listen to me. If the Community is ready, it should authorize Bhikkhu (name) as the money-disposer. This is the motion. 这意思是，尊者们，愿僧团倾听我。如果僧团准备好了，它应该授权比丘（名字）作为金钱处置者。此为动议。
Venerable sirs, may the Community listen to me. The Community authorizes Bhikkhu (name) as the money-disposer. He to whom the authorization of Bhikkhu (name) as the money-disposer is agreeable should remain silent. He to whom it is not agreeable should speak. 尊者们，愿僧团倾听我。僧团授权比丘（名字）为金钱处置人。凡同意比丘（名字）授权为金钱处置者的人应保持沉默。不同意的人应该说话。
Bhikkhu (name) has been authorized by the Community as the money-disposer. This is agreeable to the Community, therefore it is silent. Thus do I hold it. 比丘（姓名）已被僧团授权为金钱处置者。这是僧团所同意的，因此它保持沉默。此事我如是持。
If the bhikkhu being authorized is senior to the bhikkhu reciting the authorization, Itthannāmo bhikkhu should be replaced as follows (supposing that his name is Dhammadharo): 如果被授权的比丘比背诵授权的比丘戒腊高，则应如下取代 Itthannāmo bhikkhu（假设他的名字是 Dhammadharo）：
Itthannāmo bhikkhu → āyasmā Dhammadharo
Itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ → āyasmantaṁ Dhammadharaṁ
Itthannāmassa bhikkhuno → āyasmato Dhammadharassa
  
For the patterns to use when the bhikkhu’s name has a different stem-form (-i, -u, etc.), see the introduction to Appendix II in BMC2. 当比丘的名字有不同的词干形式（-i、-u等）时所使用的模式，请参阅《佛教修道准则 第二册》附录二的介绍。
To authorize a bowl-exchanger under NP 22, the same procedure is followed, except that—in addition to being free from the four forms of bias—the bhikkhu to be chosen must know what is (properly) exchanged and what is not. The same form for the transaction statement is used, replacing rūpiya-chaḍḍakaṁ/ rūpiya-chaḍḍakassa/ rūpiya-chaḍḍako with patta-gāhāpakaṁ/ patta-gāhāpakassa/ patta-gāhāpako. 要根据《舍堕》二二授权一名钵交换者，遵循相同的程序，除了——除了不受四种形式的偏见之外——被选择的比丘必须知道什么是（适当地）交换，什么不是。羯磨文使用相同的形式，将 rūpiya-chaḍḍakaṁ/ rūpiya-chaḍḍakassa/ rūpiya-chaḍḍako 替换为 patta-gāhāpakaṁ/ patta-gāhāpakassa/ patta-gāhāpako。
Articles used or received in violation of the remaining NP rules may be forfeited to the Community, to a group, or to an individual. Here, only the formulae for forfeiting to an individual will be given. Formulae for rules rarely broken—e.g., involving bhikkhunīs or felt rugs—are not listed. 违反其余《舍堕》戒条而使用或接收的物品可以被舍出给僧团、团体或个人。这里，仅给出舍出给个人的公式。很少被违犯的戒条的公式——例如涉及比丘尼或毛毡地毯——则不列出。
NP 1 《舍堕》一
For an extra robe (or robe-cloth) kept beyond ten days: 对于保存超过十天的额外袈裟（或袈裟布料）：
Idaṁ me bhante cīvaraṁ dasāhātikkantaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi.  
This means, “This robe (robe-cloth) of mine, venerable sir, kept beyond ten days, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” If the speaker is senior to the listener, change bhante to āvuso. If many pieces of cloth are to be forfeited at once, the forms should be changed to plural: 意思是：「尊者，我此袈裟（袈裟布料），保存超过十天，应予舍出。我把它舍给你。」如果说者的戒腊比听者高，将 bhante 改为 āvuso 。如果要同时舍出多块布，则应将形式改为复数：
Imāni me bhante cīvarāni dasāhātikkantāni nissaggiyāni. Imānāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi.  
For robes beyond the reach of the hand, change idaṁ to etaṁ; imāhaṁ to etāhaṁ; imāni to etāni; and imānāhaṁ to etānāhaṁ. For example, for one robe, one would say: 伸手可及之处之外的袈裟，将 idaṁ 改为 etaṁ ； imāhaṁ 改为 etāhaṁ ； imāni 改为 etāni ；以及 imānāhaṁ to etānāhaṁ 。例如，对于一件袈裟，可以说：
Etaṁ me bhante cīvaraṁ dasāhātikkantaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Etāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi.  
For more than one robe beyond the reach of the hand, one would say: 对于不只一件伸手可及之处之外的袈裟，可以说：
Etāni me bhante cīvarāni dasāhātikkantāni nissaggiyāni. Etānāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi.  
Once the offense has been confessed, the robe (robe-cloth) is to be returned to the original owner, using this formula: 一旦忏罪完成，袈裟（袈裟布料）将归还给原来的拥有者，使用以下公式：
Imaṁ cīvaraṁ āyasmato dammi,  
which means, “I give this robe (robe-cloth) to you.” 意思是：「我把这件袈裟（袈裟布料）给你。」
For more than one piece: 对于超过一件：
Imāni cīvarāni āyasmato dammi.  
Changes in the formula for robe-cloth beyond the reach of the hand may be inferred from the preceding example. These two formulae for returning robe-cloth are used in every case involving robes or robe-cloth and will not be repeated below. 从前面的例子可以推论出伸手可及之处之外的袈裟布料的公式的变化。这两个返还袈裟的公式适用于所有涉及袈裟或袈裟布料的情况，以下不再赘述。
NP 2 《舍堕》二
For a robe from which one dwelled apart a night or more: 对于一件分开过夜一晚或更长时间的袈裟：
Idaṁ me bhante cīvaraṁ ratti-vippavutthaṁ aññatra bhikkhu-sammatiyā nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This robe of mine, venerable sir, from which I dwelled apart for a night without authorization of the bhikkhus, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” Change cīvaraṁ to dvi-cīvaraṁ for two robes, and to ti-cīvaraṁ for three. Other changes, as necessary, may be inferred from the formulae for NP 1, above. The formulae for returning the robe(s) are also given there. 意思是：「尊者，未经比丘许可，我分开过夜的这件袈裟，将被舍出。我把它舍给你。」两件袈裟将 cīvaraṁ 改为 dvi-cīvaraṁ ，三件袈裟则改为 ti-cīvaraṁ 。如有必要，其他变化可以从上面的《舍堕》一的公式中推断出来。那里也给出了归还袈裟的公式。
NP 3 《舍堕》三
For out-of-season robe-cloth kept more than a month: 对于保存超过一个月的不合时令的袈裟布：
Idaṁ me bhante akāla-cīvaraṁ māsātikkantaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This out-of-season robe-cloth of mine, venerable sir, kept beyond a month, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” For more than one piece of cloth: 意思是：「尊者，我这件不合时令的袈裟布，存放超过一个月的，将被舍出。我把它舍给你。」对于超过一块布：
Imāni me bhante akāla-cīvarāni māsātikkantāni nissaggiyāni. Imānāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi.  
Other changes, as necessary, may be inferred from the formulae for NP 1. 如有必要，其他变化可以从《舍堕》一的公式中推断出来。
NP 6 《舍堕》六
For a robe (robe-cloth) requested from an unrelated householder: 对于从非亲戚的居士要求的袈裟（袈裟布料）：
Idaṁ me bhante cīvaraṁ aññātakaṁ gahapatikaṁ aññatra samayā viññāpitaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This robe (robe-cloth) of mine, venerable sir, requested from an unrelated householder at other than the proper occasion, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是：「尊者，我的这件袈裟（袈裟布料），在非适合情况向非亲戚的居士要求，应被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
For more than one robe: 对于超过一件袈裟：
Imāni me bhante cīvarāni aññātakaṁ gahapatikaṁ aññatra samayā viññāpitāni nissaggiyāni. Imānāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi.  
NP 7 《舍堕》七
For a robe (robe-cloth) requested from an unrelated householder during an allowable occasion, but beyond the allowable limit: 对于非亲戚的居士在允许的情况下要求但超出允许限制的袈裟（袈裟布料）：
Idaṁ me bhante cīvaraṁ aññātakaṁ gahapatikaṁ tad’uttariṁ viññāpitaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This robe (robe-cloth) of mine, venerable sir, requested beyond that (allowable) from an unrelated householder, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是：「尊者，我的这件袈裟（袈裟布料），向非亲戚的居士索要超出（允许的限制），应被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
For more than one robe: 对于超过一件袈裟：
Imāni me bhante cīvarāni aññātakaṁ gahapatikaṁ tad’uttariṁ viññāpitāni nissaggiyāni. Imānāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi.  
NP 8 《舍堕》八
For cloth received after making a stipulation to an unrelated householder: 对于向非亲戚居士作出指示后收到的布料：
Idaṁ me bhante cīvaraṁ pubbe appavārito aññātakaṁ gahapatikaṁ upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṁ āpannaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This cloth, venerable sir—mine after, without having been invited beforehand, I approached an unrelated householder and made stipulations about cloth—is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是：「尊者，我的这块布，在没有事先邀请的情况下，我接洽了一个非亲戚的居士，并就布料做了指示——应该被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
NP 9 《舍堕》九
For cloth received after making stipulations to two or more unrelated householders, use the same formula as for the preceding rule, changing aññātakaṁ gahapatikaṁ to aññātake gahapatike. 对于向两个或两个以上非亲戚的居士做出指示后收到的布料，使用与前一戒条相同的公式，将 aññātakaṁ gahapatikaṁ 更改为 aññātake gahapatike 。
NP 10 《舍堕》十
For a robe (robe-cloth) received after reminding one’s steward too many times: 对于太多次提醒净人后收到的袈裟（袈裟布料）：
Idaṁ me bhante cīvaraṁ atireka-tikkhattuṁ codanāya atireka-chakkhattuṁ ṭhānena abhinipphāditaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This robe (robe-cloth) of mine, venerable sir, produced after more than three reminders, after more than six standings, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是：「尊者，我的此袈裟（袈裟布料），经过三次以上的提醒，经过六次以上的站立后获得，应被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
NP 18 & 19 《舍堕》一八 及 一九
The formulae for these rules are given at the beginning of this appendix. 这些戒条的公式在本附录的开头已经给出。
NP 20 《舍堕》二十
For an article received in trade: 对于在交易中收到的物品：
Ahaṁ bhante nānappakārakaṁ kaya-vikkayaṁ samāpajjiṁ. Idaṁ me nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “Venerable sir, I have engaged in various types of trade. This of mine is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是：「尊者，我从事过各种类型的交易。我的这个将被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
To return the article: 归还物品：
Imaṁ āyasmato dammi,  
which means, “I give this to you.” 意思是「我把这个给你」。
NP 21 《舍堕》二一
For an extra bowl kept beyond ten days: 对于保存超过十天的额外的钵：
Ayaṁ me bhante patto dasāhātikkanto nissaggiyo. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This bowl of mine, venerable sir, kept beyond ten days, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是：「尊者，我的这钵，保存超过十天，将被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
To return the bowl: 归还钵：
Imaṁ pattaṁ āyasmato dammi.  
NP 22 《舍堕》二二
The formula for this rule is given at the beginning of this appendix. 本戒条的公式在本附录的开头已经给出。
NP 23 《舍堕》二三
For any of the five tonics kept beyond seven days: 对于任何五种补品，保存超过七日：
Idaṁ me bhante bhesajjaṁ sattāhātikkantaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This medicine of mine, venerable sir, kept beyond seven days, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是：「尊者，我的此药，保存超过七日，将被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
To return the medicine: 归还该药：
Imaṁ bhesajjaṁ āyasmato dammi.  
NP 25 《舍堕》二五
For a robe (robe-cloth) snatched back in anger: 对于愤怒地夺回的袈裟（袈裟布料）：
Idaṁ me bhante cīvaraṁ bhikkhussa sāmaṁ datvā acchinnaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This robe (robe-cloth) of mine, venerable sir, snatched back after I myself gave it to a bhikkhu, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是：「尊者，我的这件袈裟（袈裟布料），在我亲自给予比丘后被夺回，应被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
NP 28 《舍堕》二八
For a robe (robe-cloth) offered in urgency kept beyond the robe season: 对于紧急供养的袈裟（袈裟布料），保存超过袈裟季节：
Idaṁ me bhante acceka-cīvaraṁ cīvara-kāla-samayaṁ atikkāmitaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This robe-cloth-offered-in-urgency of mine, venerable sir, kept beyond the robe season, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是：「尊者，我的这件紧急供养的袈裟，保存超过袈裟季节，将被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
NP 29 《舍堕》二九
For a robe separated from one for more than six nights: 对于一件袈裟分离超过六夜：
Idaṁ me bhante cīvaraṁ atireka-chā-rattaṁ vippavutthaṁ aññatra bhikkhu-sammatiyā nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This robe of mine, venerable sir, separated (from me) for more than six nights without authorization of the bhikkhus, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” Change cīvaraṁ to dvi-cīvaraṁ for two robes, and to ti-cīvaraṁ for three. 意思是：「尊者，未经比丘们许可，我的这件袈裟（与我）分离超过六夜，将被舍出。我把它舍给你。」两件袈裟则将 cīvaraṁ 改为 dvi-cīvaraṁ，三件改为 ti-cīvaraṁ 。
NP 30 《舍堕》三十
For gains intended for the Community that one has diverted to oneself: 施向僧团的所得而挪为己用者：
Idaṁ me bhante jānaṁ saṅghikaṁ lābhaṁ pariṇataṁ attano pariṇāmitaṁ nissaggiyaṁ. Imāhaṁ āyasmato nissajjāmi,  
which means, “This of mine, venerable sir, which—knowing it was intended for the Community—I diverted for myself, is to be forfeited. I forfeit it to you.” 意思是，「尊者，我的这个——知道它是为僧团而施的——我挪为己用了，将被舍出。我把它舍给你。」
To return the article: 归还该物品：
Imaṁ āyasmato dammi.  
VII. Pali formulae: Confession 七、巴利公式：忏悔罪过

(未完待续)