中英对照-布萨根本经

I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was staying in Savatthi at the Eastern Monastery, the palace of Migara's mother. Now at that time — it being the Uposatha day — Visakha, Migara's mother, went to the Blessed One in the middle of the day and, on arrival, having bowed down to him, sat to one side. As she was sitting there the Blessed One said to her, "Well now, Visakha, why are you coming in the middle of the day?"

"Today I am observing the Uposatha, lord."

如是我闻: 一时薄伽梵住在舍卫城附近的东寺弥诃罗母堂 [1] 。其时为布萨日，弥诃罗之母毗沙卡于日中往诣薄伽梵，近前顶礼后坐于一边。坐下后，薄伽梵对她说:“毗沙卡，你何以日中前来?”

“世尊，我今日持守布萨。”

"And what is the Uposatha of the Jains? There are the contemplatives called the Niganthas (Jains). They get their disciple to undertake the following practice: 'Here, my good man. Lay down the rod with regard to beings who live more than 100 leagues to the east... more than 100 leagues to the west... more than 100 leagues to the north... more than 100 leagues to the south.' Thus they get the disciple to undertake kindness & sympathy to some beings, but not to others.

"On the Uposatha day, they get their disciple to undertake the following practice: 'Here, my good man. Having stripped off all your clothing, say this: "I am nothing by anything or of anything. Thus there is nothing by anything or of anything that is mine."' Yet in spite of that, his parents know of him that 'This is our child.' And he knows of them that 'These are my parents.' His wives & children know of him that 'This is our husband & father.' And he knows of them that 'These are my wives & children.' His workers & slaves know of him that 'This is our master.' And he knows of them that 'These are my workers & slaves.' Thus at a time when he should be persuaded to undertake truthfulness, he is persuaded to undertake falsehood. At the end of the night, he resumes the consumption of his belongings, even though they aren't given back to him. This counts as stealing, I tell you. Such is the Uposatha of the Jains, Visakha. When this Uposatha of the Jains is undertaken, it is not of great fruit or great benefit, not of great glory or great radiance.

“那么，何为耆那的布萨? 有称为尼乾子的沙门(指耆那教徒)。他们命弟子如此修持:‘如此，善男子。对居于东面一百多里的有情放下棍杖……对居于西面一百多里的有情……对居于北面一百多里的有情……对居于南面一百多里的有情放下棍杖。'如此，他们命弟子对某些有情、但不对其他有情施以仁慈与同情。

“布萨日时，他们命弟子如此修持:‘如此，善男子。把你的所有衣服脱去，说:“对于任何依赖或隶属之事而言，我什么也不是。因此没有什么依赖我或隶属我。”'尽管如此，他的父母识得他:‘这是我们的孩子。'他识得他们:‘这是我的父母。'他的妻儿识得他:‘这是我们的丈夫、父亲。'他识得他们:‘这是我的妻儿。'他的雇工与家奴识得他:‘这是我们的主人。'他识得他们:‘这是我的雇工与家奴。'因此，在他应被劝诫持守真语时却被劝诫持守妄语。夜尽时，他恢复对自己所有物的享受，尽管它们并未归还给他。我告诉你，这算偷窃。毗沙卡，耆那的布萨即是如此。持守这等耆那的布萨，是无大果报、大利益，无大荣耀、大光明的。

"And what is the Uposatha of the Noble Ones? It is the cleansing of the defiled mind through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique?

"There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects the Tathagata, thus: 'Indeed, the Blessed One is worthy and rightly self-awakened, consummate in knowledge & conduct, well-gone, an expert with regard to the world, unexcelled as a trainer for those people fit to be tamed, the Teacher of divine & human beings, awakened, blessed.' As he is recollecting the Tathagata, his mind is calmed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned, just as when the head is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is the head cleansed through the proper technique? Through the use of cosmetic paste & clay & the appropriate human effort. This is how the head is cleansed through the proper technique. In the same way, the defiled mind is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique? There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects the Tathagata... As he is recollecting the Tathagata, his mind is cleansed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned. He is thus called a disciple of the noble ones undertaking the Brahma-Uposatha. He lives with Brahma [= the Buddha]. It is owing to Brahma that his mind is calmed, that joy arises, and that whatever defilements there are in his mind are abandoned. This is how the mind is cleansed through the proper technique.

“那么，何为圣者的布萨? 它是藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心。如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心?

“有此情形，一位圣弟子如此忆念如来:‘的确，薄伽梵是一位阿罗汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝者、世间解、无上调御者、人天之师、佛陀、薄伽梵。'随著他忆念如来，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染(心漏)被弃绝，有如头部藉适当的技能被洗净。头部如何藉适当的技能被洗净? 使用软膏、黏土与适当的人力。头部藉适当的技能被洗净，即是如此。那么，如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心? 有此情形，圣者的弟子忆念如来……随著他忆念如来，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染被弃绝。因此他被称为修持梵天布萨的圣者弟子。他与梵天[=佛陀]同住。是归功于梵天，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起，心中凡有杂染皆被弃绝。藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心，即是如此。

"[Again, the Uposatha of the Noble Ones] is the cleansing of the mind through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique?

"There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects the Dhamma, thus: 'The Dhamma is well-expounded by the Blessed One, to be seen here & now, timeless, inviting verification, pertinent, to be realized by the wise for themselves.' As he is recollecting the Dhamma, his mind is calmed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned, just as when the body is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is the body cleansed through the proper technique? Through the use of scouring balls & bath powder & the appropriate human effort. This is how the body is cleansed through the proper technique. In the same way, the defiled mind is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique? There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects the Dhamma... As he is recollecting the Dhamma, his mind is cleansed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned. He is thus called a disciple of the noble ones undertaking the Dhamma-Uposatha. He lives with Dhamma. It is owing to Dhamma that his mind is calmed, that joy arises, and that whatever defilements there are in his mind are abandoned. This is how the mind is cleansed through the proper technique.

“[再者，圣者的布萨]是藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心。如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心?

“有此情形，一位圣弟子如此忆念法:‘法由薄伽梵善说，即时即地可见、无时相、邀人亲证，向内观照、由智者各自证知。'随著他忆念法，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染被弃绝，有如身体藉适当的技能被洗净。身体如何藉适当的技能被洗净? 使用擦球、浴粉与适当的人力。身体藉适当的技能被洗净，即是如此。那么，如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心?有此情形，圣者的弟子忆念法……随著他忆念法，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染被弃绝。因此他被称为修持法布萨的圣者弟子。他与法同住。是归功于法，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起，心中凡有杂染皆被弃绝。藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心，即是如此。

"[Again, the Uposatha of the Noble Ones] is the cleansing of the mind through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique?

"There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects the Sangha, thus: 'The Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples who have practiced well... who have practiced straight-forwardly... who have practiced methodically... who have practiced masterfully — in other words, the four types [of noble disciples] when taken as pairs, the eight when taken as individual types — they are the Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples: worthy of gifts, worthy of hospitality, worthy of offerings, worthy of respect, the incomparable field of merit for the world.' As he is recollecting the Sangha, his mind is calmed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned, just as when clothing is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is clothing cleansed through the proper technique? Through the use of salt earth & lye & cow dung & the appropriate human effort. This is how clothing is cleansed through the proper technique. In the same way, the defiled mind is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique? There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects the Sangha... As he is recollecting the Sangha, his mind is cleansed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned. He is thus called a disciple of the noble ones undertaking the Sangha-Uposatha. He lives with the Sangha. It is owing to the Sangha that his mind is calmed, that joy arises, and that whatever defilements there are in his mind are abandoned. This is how the mind is cleansed through the proper technique.

“[再者，圣者的布萨]是藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心。如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心?

“有此情形，一位圣弟子如此忆念僧伽:‘世尊的声闻僧伽弟子行道正善……行道正直……行道有方……行道卓越——换句话说，他们是四双、八辈圣者。那便是世尊的声闻僧伽弟子——值得布施、值得礼遇、值得供养、值得尊敬，是世界的无上福田。'随著他忆念僧伽，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染被弃绝，有如衣服藉适当的技能被洗净。衣服如何藉适当的技能被洗净? 使用盐土、碱水、牛粪干与适当的人力。衣服藉适当的技能被洗净，即是如此。那么，如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心? 有此情形，圣者的弟子忆念僧伽……随著他忆念僧伽，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染被弃绝。因此他被称为修持僧伽布萨的圣者弟子。他与僧伽同住。是归功于僧伽，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起，心中凡有杂染皆被弃绝。藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心，即是如此。

"[Again, the Uposatha of the Noble Ones] is the cleansing of the mind through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique?

"There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects his own virtues, thus: '[They are] untorn, unbroken, unspotted, unsplattered, liberating, praised by the wise, untarnished, conducive to concentration.' As he is recollecting virtue, his mind is calmed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned, just as when a mirror is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is a mirror cleansed through the proper technique? Through the use of oil & ashes & chamois & the appropriate human effort. This is how a mirror is cleansed through the proper technique. In the same way, the defiled mind is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique? There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects his own virtues... As he is recollecting virtue, his mind is cleansed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned. He is thus called a disciple of the noble ones undertaking the virtue-Uposatha. He lives with virtue. It is owing to virtue that his mind is calmed, that joy arises, and that whatever defilements there are in his mind are abandoned. This is how the mind is cleansed through the proper technique.

“[再者，圣者的布萨]是藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心。如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心?

“有此情形，一位圣弟子如此忆念他自己的戒德:‘不破不坏、无暇无疵、利于解脱、受智者赞扬、清净无染、趋向正定。’随著他忆念戒德，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染被弃绝，有如镜子藉适当的技能被洗净。衣服如何藉适当的技能被洗净? 使用油、灰、软皮与适当的人力。镜子藉适当的技能被洗净，即是如此。那么，如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心? 有此情形，圣者的弟子忆念自己的戒德……随著他忆念自己的戒德，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染被弃绝。因此他被称为修持戒德布萨的圣者弟子。他与戒德同住。是归功于戒德，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起，心中凡有杂染皆被弃绝。藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心，即是如此。

"[Again, the Uposatha of the Noble Ones] is the cleansing of the mind through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique?

"There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects the devas, thus: 'There are the Devas of the Four Great Kings, the Devas of the Thirty-three, the Yama Devas, the Contented Devas, the devas who delight in creation, the devas who have power over the creations of others, the devas of Brahma's retinue, the devas beyond them. Whatever conviction they were endowed with that — when falling away from this life — they re-arose there, the same sort of conviction is present in me as well. Whatever virtue they were endowed with that — when falling away from this life — they re-arose there, the same sort of virtue is present in me as well. Whatever learning they were endowed with that — when falling away from this life — they re-arose there, the same sort of learning is present in me as well. Whatever generosity they were endowed with that — when falling away from this life — they re-arose there, the same sort of generosity is present in me as well. Whatever discernment they were endowed with that — when falling away from this life — they re-arose there, the same sort of discernment is present in me as well.' As he is recollecting the devas, his mind is calmed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned, just as when a gold is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is gold cleansed through the proper technique? Through the use of a furnace, salt earth, red chalk, a blow-pipe, tongs, & the appropriate human effort. This is how gold is cleansed through the proper technique. In the same way, the defiled mind is cleansed through the proper technique. And how is the defiled mind cleansed through the proper technique? There is the case where the disciple of the noble ones recollects the devas... As he is recollecting the devas, his mind is cleansed, and joy arises; the defilements of his mind are abandoned. He is thus called a disciple of the noble ones undertaking the Deva-Uposatha. He lives with the devas. It is owing to the devas that his mind is calmed, that joy arises, and that whatever defilements there are in his mind are abandoned. This is how the mind is cleansed through the proper technique.

“[再者，圣者的布萨]是藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心。如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心?

“有此情形，一位圣弟子如此忆念天神:‘有四大王天的天神、有三十三天的天神、有夜摩天的天神、有兜率天的天神、有化乐天的天神、有他化自在天的天神、有梵众天的天神、有高于其上的天神。他们拥有何等信念，此世逝去时得以重生于该(天)界，同样的信念我也具备。他们拥有何等戒德，此世逝去时得以重生于该界，同样的戒德我也具备。他们拥有何等学问，此世逝去时得以重生于该界，同样的学问我也具备。他们拥有何等布施，此世逝去时得以重生于该界，同样的布施我也具备。他们拥有何等明辨，此世逝去时得以重生于该界，同样的明辨我也具备。’随著他忆念天神，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染被弃绝，有如金子藉适当的技能被提纯。金子如何藉适当的技能被提纯? 使用熔炉、盐土、红土、风管、钳与适当的人力。金子藉适当的技能被提纯，即是如此。那么，如何藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心?有此情形，圣者的弟子忆念天神……随著他忆念天神，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起;心的杂染被弃绝。因此他被称为修持天神布萨的圣者弟子。他与天神同住。是归功于天神，他的心平静下来，喜悦升起，心中凡有杂染皆被弃绝。藉适当的技能，净化被污染的心，即是如此。